Read chapter 26 sections 1-3 and answer the following questions:

1) What led to the growth and development of Venice's trade?

They had to depend on sea and trade since the land wasnt fertile
2) How did the location of Flanders help it become an important trading center?

being next to the sea they could build harbors where ships could stop and trade.
3) What were Fairs?

chief routes that France used to stop and trade with other merchants
4) Who sponsored fairs and why?

Nobles and so merchants could trade with far away travelers. Also people could settle debts they had by paying there.
5) How did most towns develop in the Middle Ages?

Merchants stopped moving there stuff and soon found places to store there stuff.
6) What was the Black Death?  How many people died from it?

A plague that swept through Europe and killed millions of people.
7) What changes did burghers want to make in feudal laws?

Murderers were hung, and minor crimes were just put in a board and chained so all the people can look at him.

1)They had more power than king or nobles. They helped govern western Europe. They served as adsiors to kings and noble, and keep records for kings who cant read or write.

2)People were given highly religios spots, but they didnt really care about it at all, which led to them not helping peasants.

3) The students started to complain that there was not enough classes held so they made the university to change it.

4) it was in hope that the roman cathlic church, and the eastern orthodox church.

5) The heat from the desert that the crusade was crossing caused the armor they were wearing to make them dead from dehydration.

6)It was a fail because the only protection the kids had was god. In the end the kids died of diseases or starvation.

7)The christians started to massacre the jews which was the last line. after the crusades the byzantines were so angry it made the change permanent.

8)it broke down his feudalism.

feudal scociety and questions

Feudal society

power was based on the ownership of land
Charles began giving fiefs to his frankish solders
Kings who followed Charlemange were so weak that they couldnt rule there own kingdoms very well
though pesants and townspeople
Vassel=was a noble who served a lord of higher rank and gave him loyalty
2)with land owner ship went power and wealth, giving solders a base from which to rule Europe
3) the nobles soon became so powerful than the king which alllowed them to become independant rulers. they later had there own land and could tax people.
4) he promised to serve the lord, help him in battle, bring there own knights to war,fight in battles for 40 to 60 days a year and ether pay ransom or trade them selves in order to free the member of royalty.

Hierarchy of the feudalism=

1) What was a code of chivalry?  Who did it apply to?  List the rules of chivalry. A list of laws that knights had to follow. some rules were to show bravory, obey his lord, and respect woman of noble birth.
2) How did Knights train for war?

They started training at the age of seven, and was sent to his lords house to be a page. when he was 15 years old a page than became a squire he was trained underneath a knight.
3) Explain the organization of feudal Manors. in charge was a nobles fief, then there was the Baileff who was in charge of the peasants.

 
4) What was the difference between Freeman and Serfs?

Serfs were nobles property and didnt have many or no rights at all. the other group had to pay for the right to farm but had many more options.
5) What was a serf's life like?  Discuss the "bright" moments.

A serf was praticslly a slave and could not get marry or move to another are. the bright moments were the one day were they could relax or on holidays when the noble paid for a huge meal.
6) Why did people on a manor produce everything they needed?

they had useful tools to help produse like the mill, bread oven, or wine press.
7) How could serfs obtain their freedom?

if they mange to stay hidden in town for one whole year.
8) What changes had taken place in farming by the 1200s?

the peasants had better farming methods like the three field system,heavy iron plow, and the horse collar.

Ten things on Vikings

1) They lived in Scandinavia, Norway, Denmark and Sweeden
2)The natural forests and plaines were great for farming and raising cattle, sheep, and pigs
3)With all the fiords the Vikings had to use the sea most of the time for resources
4)With there great and well made ships the vikings could make very long trips for other resources if wanted
5)The viking were very strong because of the long rowing trips they did from going to places.
6)Kids were well trained becuase most of the games they played helped them in real life like catch the stick also they spent most of the time gaining upper body strength from rowing a ship for long distances.
7)Family life was important to vikings for there honor
8)Berserkers were very scary, but useful in battles for the vikings and spreading the army.
9)Viking wives had a lot of freedom and choices, could diverse,take place for man in meeting, could buy property
10)Gods were very important for viking, so they could win battle and go to Vahalla

boat names: Snake of sea,lion of waves, raven of tides
to signal others used large torch chambers
common name for man olaf
woman master at knitting weaving or sewing.
france paid the Norway vikings to protect, and become citezens of there society.

1) The Anglo-Saxons were made up of what three groups?

The three groups were the Anglo, Saxons, and Jutes.
2) How did Christianity come to the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England?

It was because of the Schollars,Artists and merchants that had fled there home to come here.
3) What did Alfred do to unite Anglo-Saxon England?

He used christianity and arts to unite them and convince the king to convert and sign a peace treaty.
4) Why did Alfred the Great pay the Danes to leave England alone?

Alfred knew that his army and people were weak so he paid the people to call off the attack.
5) Why did the king set up local governments in England?

It was because the central government was too weak to govern the whole country.
6) What were the duties of the nobles?

The nobles were in charge of giving the king advice on how to run his country.They also had to serve the king at war, keep peace at war, and attend the Witenagemot.
7) Why did early English kinds divide the country into shires?  What were some of the jobs of the sheriff?

the central government was too weak so he divided it into multiple sides.
8) How did the King's peace help unite England?

It was caused by the strict laws that soon spread out to further lands were the king was not and people soon obeyed them with out thought.
9) What was the purpose of witenagemot?

To talk to the king over the problems.
10) How did the English government develop under the Anglo-Saxons?

The laws soon became to cruel to break and people were later abiding them under rule.
11) Why did Anglo-Saxons unite under Alfred the Great?

He was a good leader that had some strict and decent laws.

Pg 287 1-7 history

1) What happened to Western Europe after the decline of the Roman empire?

The kingdom that Charlemagne built was soon destroyed and spilt in to between his sons.

2) How did Clovis help people within his empire feel united?

    He made his people learn knowledge and Christanity. And got all the nobles and farmers to gather and hang during holidays.

3) What was the relation between Clovis and the church?
    The Pope really liked Clovis's faith so mush that he was made empire by the pope
4)Why did mayor of palace become important?
   He was responsible for giving schools and teachings to others as well as keeping order.
5) What was Charlesmagnes main goals?
    To conquer all of western Europe and spread Christianity every where.
6)How did Frankish farmers become serfs?
    By caring more for nobles than them selves.
7)It was Split in two and soon collapsed for not being cared for.

1)   When did Pepin die?  Who were his sons?
    He died in 768 and his sons where Carloman and Charles. 

2)   Who was Charlemagne?  What did he do?  List the people he defeated in battle.  What does his name mean?
       Charlemagne was a French king of the Franks. He wanted to rule all of Western Europe and defeated the Lombards, and Saxons. Charlemagne= Charles the great.

3)   What was The Song of Roland about?
      It was written by a french poet retelling the battle of the defeated Roland fighting the powerful basques.

4)   Why was Charlemagne displeased that the Pope crowned him emperor?
      It made it seem That he was directly chosen by the Pope and not God.

5)   What was Charlemagne’s view of education?  What did he do to promote education in his empire?
      He appreciated learning and usually kept a slat or notebook next to his bed. He made church spread learning and make schools for his people. 

6)   Who was Alcuin?  What did children study in the school set up by Alcuin?
     Alcuin was a scholar who made a school that trained children of government officials to serve in a church or royal house hold.

7)   What were some things that artists created under Charlemagne’s rule? 
     the artists usually made churches and palaces around the court yard.

8)   Describe estate life.
     Lords were the most powerful and wealthy people in the kingdom. they made most of there income from sold goods.

9)   How did farmers gradually become serfs?
     They started caring more for the nobles and less for them selves which made them bound to there land.

10)  How did minstrels increase Charlemagne’s popularity?
       He allowed the minstrels to sing to the tired people who continually work until there lives are allowed a break on holiday.

11)  What did the Empire collapse after Charlemagne’s death?
        Charlemange's empire collapsed because when he died his son's were not strong enough rulers to keep it stable.

12)  What might have prevented the collapse of Charlemagne’s government?
        If his sons, Louis and Pious would've cared more about there empire than there estates then it possibly could've survive longer.