Ten things on Vikings

1) They lived in Scandinavia, Norway, Denmark and Sweeden
2)The natural forests and plaines were great for farming and raising cattle, sheep, and pigs
3)With all the fiords the Vikings had to use the sea most of the time for resources
4)With there great and well made ships the vikings could make very long trips for other resources if wanted
5)The viking were very strong because of the long rowing trips they did from going to places.
6)Kids were well trained becuase most of the games they played helped them in real life like catch the stick also they spent most of the time gaining upper body strength from rowing a ship for long distances.
7)Family life was important to vikings for there honor
8)Berserkers were very scary, but useful in battles for the vikings and spreading the army.
9)Viking wives had a lot of freedom and choices, could diverse,take place for man in meeting, could buy property
10)Gods were very important for viking, so they could win battle and go to Vahalla

boat names: Snake of sea,lion of waves, raven of tides
to signal others used large torch chambers
common name for man olaf
woman master at knitting weaving or sewing.
france paid the Norway vikings to protect, and become citezens of there society.

1) The Anglo-Saxons were made up of what three groups?

The three groups were the Anglo, Saxons, and Jutes.
2) How did Christianity come to the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England?

It was because of the Schollars,Artists and merchants that had fled there home to come here.
3) What did Alfred do to unite Anglo-Saxon England?

He used christianity and arts to unite them and convince the king to convert and sign a peace treaty.
4) Why did Alfred the Great pay the Danes to leave England alone?

Alfred knew that his army and people were weak so he paid the people to call off the attack.
5) Why did the king set up local governments in England?

It was because the central government was too weak to govern the whole country.
6) What were the duties of the nobles?

The nobles were in charge of giving the king advice on how to run his country.They also had to serve the king at war, keep peace at war, and attend the Witenagemot.
7) Why did early English kinds divide the country into shires?  What were some of the jobs of the sheriff?

the central government was too weak so he divided it into multiple sides.
8) How did the King's peace help unite England?

It was caused by the strict laws that soon spread out to further lands were the king was not and people soon obeyed them with out thought.
9) What was the purpose of witenagemot?

To talk to the king over the problems.
10) How did the English government develop under the Anglo-Saxons?

The laws soon became to cruel to break and people were later abiding them under rule.
11) Why did Anglo-Saxons unite under Alfred the Great?

He was a good leader that had some strict and decent laws.

Pg 287 1-7 history

1) What happened to Western Europe after the decline of the Roman empire?

The kingdom that Charlemagne built was soon destroyed and spilt in to between his sons.

2) How did Clovis help people within his empire feel united?

    He made his people learn knowledge and Christanity. And got all the nobles and farmers to gather and hang during holidays.

3) What was the relation between Clovis and the church?
    The Pope really liked Clovis's faith so mush that he was made empire by the pope
4)Why did mayor of palace become important?
   He was responsible for giving schools and teachings to others as well as keeping order.
5) What was Charlesmagnes main goals?
    To conquer all of western Europe and spread Christianity every where.
6)How did Frankish farmers become serfs?
    By caring more for nobles than them selves.
7)It was Split in two and soon collapsed for not being cared for.

1)   When did Pepin die?  Who were his sons?
    He died in 768 and his sons where Carloman and Charles. 

2)   Who was Charlemagne?  What did he do?  List the people he defeated in battle.  What does his name mean?
       Charlemagne was a French king of the Franks. He wanted to rule all of Western Europe and defeated the Lombards, and Saxons. Charlemagne= Charles the great.

3)   What was The Song of Roland about?
      It was written by a french poet retelling the battle of the defeated Roland fighting the powerful basques.

4)   Why was Charlemagne displeased that the Pope crowned him emperor?
      It made it seem That he was directly chosen by the Pope and not God.

5)   What was Charlemagne’s view of education?  What did he do to promote education in his empire?
      He appreciated learning and usually kept a slat or notebook next to his bed. He made church spread learning and make schools for his people. 

6)   Who was Alcuin?  What did children study in the school set up by Alcuin?
     Alcuin was a scholar who made a school that trained children of government officials to serve in a church or royal house hold.

7)   What were some things that artists created under Charlemagne’s rule? 
     the artists usually made churches and palaces around the court yard.

8)   Describe estate life.
     Lords were the most powerful and wealthy people in the kingdom. they made most of there income from sold goods.

9)   How did farmers gradually become serfs?
     They started caring more for the nobles and less for them selves which made them bound to there land.

10)  How did minstrels increase Charlemagne’s popularity?
       He allowed the minstrels to sing to the tired people who continually work until there lives are allowed a break on holiday.

11)  What did the Empire collapse after Charlemagne’s death?
        Charlemange's empire collapsed because when he died his son's were not strong enough rulers to keep it stable.

12)  What might have prevented the collapse of Charlemagne’s government?
        If his sons, Louis and Pious would've cared more about there empire than there estates then it possibly could've survive longer.

1)   Why were the Frankish kings after Clovis weak?
     Instead of uniting the land they decided to be weak and split it amongst there sons. The soon started fighting amongst them selves which weakened the kingdom even more.

2)   Who was Charles Martel?  What did he do?  Why was he known as “The Hammer”?
     He was a powerful general that fought and won the battle of tour and he wanted to unite all the Frankish nobles beneath him. He is called the hammer because of his strength.

3)   Why was the Battle of Tours a turning point in history?
     The Arabs and Berbers were killed by the Franks when they conquered Spain.

4)   What might western Europe have been like if the Arabs and Berbers had won the Battle of Tours?
     If they were to take over then Christianity wouldn't exist.

5)   Who was Pepin?  How did he help the Pope?
He was Charles Martel's Son. He protected the Pope from a group attack led by the germans

6)   Define anointed.
Anoint=nominate or choose
Clovis was first Frank king to become christian 

Eight important things about the Franks and there questions

1) They built villages that later turned into modern France and Germany

2) Their govern was better because they were able to live close to home land and chose a ruler.

3)They did more than just fight, they became farmers.

4)King Clovis was able to bring the split groups together under one rule

5)Clovis was first Germanic king to accept Catholic religion Shows that he's accepting new soilder and people in his kingdom.

6)Every ones in Clovis kingdom felt unified now that they spoke the same language

7)Was able to gain support from the pope. It allowed support against dealing with non-beleivers 

8)Made Latin the official language in court and managed to make a stable relation with Romans.

1)   Why were people no longer interested in learning during the early middle ages?
People were no longer interested in books, art, and learning. plus the art and books were getting destroyed.

2)   Why are the Franks important?
they were the first to combine Christens and and Romans together

3)   Who was Clovis?  How did Clovis become Christian? 
      He was a king that was chosen by a Frankish group. After winning a battle he and 3000 soldiers just immediately converted.

4)   What happened after Clovis became Christian?
He managed to gain support from the Romans and allowed some of them to join there kingdom.

5)   Why was it important that the Pope gave Clovis his support?
He was then able to spread religion every where and deal with the non believers.

6)   Why were the Franks more successful at governing than other Germanic         peoples?
Clovis's conversion gave him way more peace and support than others.

7)   What modern nations developed out of the civilization built by the Franks?
Germanic and France.

                                                                                                                                                     

Chieftain Speech

My Fellow Warriors
If you were to join me i would provide food shelter and a new land that we could shape and call home.
We will make homes for our families and protect them. I give you the chance to fight for something much larger than just your lives, I give you the opportunity to fight for a new kingdom under us. I give you leader ship amongst your friends and weapons to defend your families. You can make your sons become men and allow them to fight for glory and honor. Lastly I allow you the chance for adventure to expand our village and explore the land.

Loki

Loki=is the wily trickster god of Norse mythology.

http://norse-mythology.org/gods-and-creatures/the-aesir-gods-and-goddesses/loki/

Is handsome and fair of face, but has an evil disposition and is very changeable of mood. He excelled all men in the art of cunning, and he always cheats. He was continually involving the Aesir in great difficulties and he often helped them out again by guile.

http://thenorsegods.com/loki/

He has the ability to change into any shape, an ability he uses a lot. He was accepted into the ranks of the gods by becoming Odin’s blood brother. In his earlier days in Asgard he followed Odin and Haeni, sometimes also Thor.

He often got the gods into serious trouble because of his shortsightedness. However, he was remarkably successful at making things right, after the gods had threatened him. Loki’s wife is called Sygin and is the sweetest and most loyal of all women. Their son’s are called Vali and Nari. But Loki had more off springs. But his most famous offsprings, which he had with a troll woman, are the wolf Fenrir, the serpent of Midgard and the goddess of death, Hel. He’s still important today because Tricksters give bravery that others wouldn’t generally do it makes life not boring because we would all have boring lives. 

http://www.vikings-history.com/norse-god-loki/

1) Who were the Goths?
Germanic people who lived in the Balken Penisula of Europe.
2) Discuss the Battle of Adrianople?  Why was it important?  When did it happen?
It was when the Goths rebelled against the Romans and won in 378. It would allow them to capture and loot Rome. The attack was led by Alaric and he managed to capture or drive out the Romans.
3) Where did the Goths end up?
They settled in Spain.
4) Who were the Vandals?
A germanic group that lived in Spain.
5) What English world did the Vandals inspire?  Why?
The vandals caused destruction and mayhem to other people property that it created the word vandalism.
6) Who was Odoacer?
A german general that ruled western Europe for 15 years
7) Who was Theodoric?
The east goths leader.
8) What happened to the Roman Empire in the West by 550 C.E.? 
The Roman empire in the west was faded and was split up and replaced by six minor German empires.

The Germans
1) Describe the village life of the early Germans.
They kept much of their old culture. they lived in villages surrounded by farmland and pasture. most of the homes were long thatched rooof huts with an opened space around them. family slept on one side of house with farm life on the other. wealthy villages were able to add carpet and wall hangings.
2) What did the Germans grow?
grew barley, wheat, rye, beans, and peas.
3) What were the Germans view of hospitality?
They liked feasting, drinking,dancing, gambling, boxing, wrestling and in winter ice skating.
4) How were the German tribes organized?
They were divided into clans or groups based on family ties.
5) Who was Theodoric the Great?
Theodric was king of the east Goths, a germanic people from eastern Europe.
6) Who was Woden?  Thor?
Wodan was a the god of war, poetry, learning, and magic. Thor was son of Wodan and god of thunder.
7) What was Valhalla?
It was an after life were the fallen warriors would feast and fight forever. 
8) Discuss blood fueds, oath-helpers and wergeld.
blood feuds= quarrels in which the families of the original fighters seek revenge.
Oath-helpers= People who swore that the accused were telling the truth.
Ordeal=A severe trial that decided the guilt or innocent people.
9) How did the Germans' love of battle and laws influence their society?
It did manage to keep the peace despite how cruel and unfair their laws were.

The Eutruscans
1) The Etruscans - why were they important?  What did they give to the Romans?  Who were important Etruscans?
They wrote an alphabet they borrowed from the Greeks. They gave metals and finished goods. Lucius Tarquinus was an important Eutruscan

2) The Roman Republic - what is important about the Roman Republic?  Who were important figures in the Republic and what did they do?  What were the Punic Wars all about?  Who was Hannibal?  How did the Republic end? 
They set up the first republic. Hannibal destroyed the Roman Republic. Tiberios Semproeus Grachus- first reformer. General galious was a millitary hero. The war was about recourses between Rome and Persia. The end of the republic came when the Romans turned on each other and destoryed there villages.

3) What is important about Julius Caesar?  Why should we remember him?

he was well educated politician who had become a soilder. Also he had both military strength and strong family alliences to back him up. He made the Roman empire bigger and bigger and helped it grow. he also made it stronger so that more people would live.

4) What is important about Augustus Caesar?  Why should we remember him?
He was clever and held the offices of consul,tribune, high priest and senator all at he same time.
for bringing peace and old traditions to rome and the citezens.
5) What was the Pax Romana?  How did it come to an end? 
A roman law that caused major change to the Romans and their way of life. it affected family life, merchants, and how to take over a village or town. after 200 years it  made the law come to an end because there were no empire.
6) How did the Roman Empire come to an end?
it started with a few politicle problems but soon it spread into there being no written rules.Also the German attacks continued increasing and soon Rome was taken over. the only reason they did win was because the Germans borrowed an invention from the Huns.

1) he hand picked his solders and made them swear allegiance to him. next he built up imperial house hold to take charge of daily business of government which allowed enslaved people and freedman a choice to join the government. lastly he set up a fire brigade and police force.
2) it brought the trade down because it made romans trade with non romans.
3) because times were different laws had to be changed so they had new laws made.
4) it helped Romans successfully govern a large area.
5) it made few like the Mesopotamia lion and North African Elephant go extinct.
6) They continued Murdering the emperors
7) Since it was too big to rule alone so he split it in half and gave the other half to his friend
8) it fell because there was no Roman empire left and was being ruled by germanic government. next were because Economical, political and foreign reasons.

The founding of Rome

It first started when a Roman prince called Aeneas led his people to the promise land were they met and joined forces with people called Latin's. then in about 800 B.C a Latin princess gave birth to two twins called Romulus and Remus, who were separated from the mom by a river and were left to die. Fortunately however they were saved and raised by a she wolf, who was later killed by a shepard that took the babies back home. After being fully grown the two brothers decided to build a city and the Tiber and leave it to the gods on who would run it. After both of them climbed a mountain to get a sign from the gods. It turned out that it was romulos who was chosen only to have been attacked by his brother. after the fight Romulos still stood there and named his city Rome.

Alexander accomplishments and how he tried to unify Persia and Greece

He managed to conquer Persia.
He was the commander of the army at sixteen.
He was taught Literature, political science, geography, and biology by Aristole.
Alexander managed to teach his army how to better make use of the weapons, and taught them better strategies.
He has never lost a battle in his thirteen years of life
He founded about 70 cities, 16 of which were named Alexandria.
Managed to cover 22,000 miles of land and built a 400 foot light house in Alexandria, Egypt. It was considered one of the seven wonders in the world.
Became king by 20
Marched as far east as Northern India
He was king of Asia by being able how to unravel the gordian knot.

He and 80 of his solders managed to marry persian woman.
he also wore some of the persian fashion, and even invited some Persian solders into his army.
He also tried to get the persians to treat him like a god.

paragraphs on Phillip and Alexander the great

Phillip was a great leader and was able to unite his soldiers that fought every once in a while to a year round army. He managed to easily conquer other Greece states by having some better miliary weapons. He also taught his army how to properly use bows and slingshots, and teaching them an unbeatable charge tactic. when he wasn't fighting he was making alliances with other city states by giving them gold and marrying wives of those states. Lastly when the states were weak and fighting with each other, Philip would go in with his army and takeover.

After Alexander had destroyed and united all of persia and Greece he wanted to then unite them. He tried to first wear Persian clothes, then he married a Persian lady and had a few of his solders marry also. next he took solders some persian solders into his army. even after all these tactics it couldn't be fulfilled. Later he died of Malaria and when he did his empire went with him. Soon the land was split among three of his generals, and the African king reclaimed his land. Even though the Greeks left behind their tradable object the economic conditions grew worse, and with not enough workers to work the land the control soon came to the Romans.

Spata questions

1)What was the acropolis and what stood there?

The Acropolis was a fortified hill with a temple holding a goddess inside.
2) The average city-state, or polis, contained how many people?

It held an average between 5,000 and 10,000 people.
3) How was Sparta's government formed?

There was first two kings that ruled them, until they had started a council of men that were 60 years over and were chosen for life. how ever,even though they were called kings they had little power.
4) Who ruled Sparta?

Two kings ruled.
5) Who were the helots and what did they do in Sparta?
They were enslaved citizens who were owned by city states and had to turn over half their crops to the Aristocrats.

6)  Discuss, or outline, the life of a Spartan boy.

when they were babies they were examined to see if they were healthy enough to live or die on a hillside. when they were 7 they were sent to military camps.

7)  Discuss the life of a Sparta woman.  How were Spartan women more free than other Greek women at the time?
They wer able and loved to play sport like wrestling and racing, 

8) Explain the quote, "Come home with your shield or on it".  How does this quote reinforce Spartan ideas? You come home a victor or you don't come back alive. If you wanted to run away from battle you had to leave your shield behind.

1) Who was Socrates and How did he teach people how to think?
Socrates was a 70 year old athenian philosopher who liked the thinking process. he asked them a question and then would make the person arrive step by step till they reached the final conclusion.
2) What did philosophia mean to the ancient Greeks?
It is studying the laws of nature and loving wisdom.
3) What was the Socratic Method?
the form of questioning socrates used on the athenian people.
4) Why was Socrates brought to trial?
he was trial for denying the gods.
5) List some quotes about ethical or moral living attributed to Socrates.
Wealth does not bring goodness but goodness bring wealth and every blessing both to the citizen and the Polis.
6) How did Socrates die?
The jury of five hundred found Socrates guilty and made him drink poisonous Hemlock juice.
7) Who was Plato?
He was an aristocrat pupil of Socrates
8) What school did Plato found?
He founded the academy which lasted 900 years after he died.
9) Name two books that Plato wrote.
He wrote the Republic and the Dialogue 
10) Who was Aristotle?  What did he do?
He was one of Plato's Brightest pupils. He founded his own school and wrote up to 200 books.
11) What is syllogism?  Give an example of one.  Who invented it?
It is a method of reasoning that uses three statements. Athenians are greek Socrates is Athenian there for Socrates is Greek. 
12) Who developed the first two steps of the scientific method?
Aristole invented the first two steps.
13) Who developed the Hippocratic Oath?  What is the Hippocratic Oath?
rules that doctors use to protect the patients problems and identity. Hipocrates invented them.

1) Why did many Greeks go to the Orachles? They went to seek Advice and learn the truth about the future, from what the oracles said.


2)   What was the oracle at Delphi?
It was where a priestess would sit under Apollo's temple answering peoples questions by asking gods. she would ask by sitting in a chair where sulfer and bubbles would come out of the ground.

3)   How, in the worship of the Gods, were the Greeks different than earlier groups of people?
unlike everyone else, the Greeks did not believe they were on earth only to please the gods. they placed the worth on the importance of the individual.

4)   Name six Greek gods and what they controlled.
      Zeus= ruller of mount olympus god of kings. Ares= god of war. Poseidon= god of the sea and earth quakes. Aphrodite= goddess of love and beauty. Dionysus= god of eternity. Hera= protectress of marriage, Children and their home.

5)   The Olympic Games where held where and to honor who?
the olympics where held in the middle of summer in Olympia and honored in Zeus.

6)   List four events, with descriptions, held during the Olympic Games.
Chariot racing= involved riding a small cart in race between others across 9 miles.
Boxing= a brutal sport were people fought each other with their bear hands until the opponent was down, no eye goching was allowed. Pancratium= another fighting match were the opponent couldn't use holds or grips on the oposser. Pentathlon= made up of  five events, running, jumping, throwing discuss, wrestling, and hurl a javelin.

7)   When was the 1st Olympic Games held?
776 BC

8)   Who were the three great writers of tragedy?
Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides.    

9)   What were comedies originally about?

Greek comedies were about the present and it usually had happy endings.

Athens questions

1) Where was Athens located?
Northeast of Sparta on the Aegean coast

2) Why did Athens change its government?
They were afraid there would be uprisings because of all the fights that broke out.

3) Who was Draco and Solon?  What did they do?
Draco was one of the first to try and change the government. he failed, however because his punishments were too cruel. Solon prepared a constitution, or set of principle for government.

4) Who created the world's first Democratic Constitution?
Cleisthenes made the worlds first government by having men over twenty go to a meeting to discuss who will go be chief and general.
 
5) What was the Council of 500?  How were its members chosen?
the council of the five hundred was a group of people that were chosen to handle the daily business in Athens.

6)  Describe the Battle of Marathon.
The Ionians were asking help from Greece to help attack the Persians who had taken over the western city states. Greece replied by sending 600 ships to battle.  The Greeks ambushed the Pertsians on Marathon hill and called upon Nike the greek goddess of victory. It was a win that gave the greeks a sense of confidence.
 
7) How did the Greeks eventually defeat the Persians?
The Greece's ran down Marathon hill witch caught the persians off guard giving them the win.

8) Who was Pericles?
He was a leader of Athens. He also changed a city state into a learning center. his power was so great historians called the period of power.

9) What was the Peloponnesian War and what was its outcome? 
It was the war between Athens and Sparta that lasted almost thirty years. it ended in 404 BC with Athens surrendering to Sparta. 

The Minoans and Myceneans

1) were did Minoans live? Crete islands

2) The Minoans grew olives and grapes and known for trading.

3) the Spots Minoans liked were boxing and bull leaping

4) The Labryinth was a giant maze

5) How Minoans got in there houses was by going in and out through their roofs

6) the dove, the lilly, and also the double axe

7) The legend was that Thesius was being sacrificed to the minotaur but the princes gave him a magical sword that would allow him to kill the minotaur, but only if Thesius would marry her.

6) The Myceneans built palaces that were later used on hilltops instead of cities.

7) The war was described as being fought over a woman.

8) They had to leave because the wars had ruined the Myceneans empire allowing the next one to take over.

Assyrian Questions
1) The Assyrians had to be warriors because were they lived:Assyria was always being attacked by other forcing them to defend themselves.
2) The foot solders were ussualy dressed in light armor consisting of a helmet, shields, spears, and daggers.
3) the Assyrian army would usually burn down the houses in the kingdoms they overthrew. they would also enslave the citazen's the survived and would heavily tax them. the people they capture would lastly fight for their army.
4) Ashurbinaple was one of the first Assyrian kings to make the library which held over 25,000 stone tablets.
5) The empire was too big to govern so it crumbled fast.

Chaldeans questions

1)The Chaldeans wer known as warriors and traders.
2)Nebuchadnezzar built the hanging gardens and a beautiful street that led to the palace.
3) the middle held the kingdom, outside that was the houses and market places, far past that were the farms.
4) Some scientific discoveries that were passed on were the seven day week and sun dial.

the Persians
1) The modern persians are people from Iran.
2) Cyrus made large armies that conquered other cities.
3)  The persians only ruled people nicely. The Assyrians were brutal and forced people into there society. The Persians also invented more things than the Assyrians.
4)Darius was a strong persian king and wanted to be remembered for his military achievements by having a monument.
5) The Lydians invented coins, but the Persians spread them across the world by trade and spreading word about their new use.
6)  Zoroaster had to decide which god the people would support and decide the rights and wrongs a person preformed. he also made two gods.
7) the Persians did not like the idea of trade, they thought it led to cheating lying and being greedy. instead they wanted to be warriors

Phenosians question

1)The Phoenecian's lived in the northern part of Canaan
2)They were known for the ships they used to trade and reach other civilizations
3) The Phoenecian's were the only ones with well made ships that could travel and reach other regions to trade. also they were the brave ones that went to explore these places
4) Some cities were Tyre, Byblos,Beirut, and Sidon
5)They were spread across mountains in small cities and could only be reached by ocean or small mountain trails
6) It was named after discovering a purple dye that was then used and sold a lot in trading. it was discovered by a small sea shell that bit a dog and turned its lips purple.
7)The most valuable gift was the idea of the alphabet. it was spread across all the land to many cities and was used for keeping records.
8) Cartihage was discovererd in 814 bc in a small town called Tunisia. it was a trading city.

hebrew questions

1. The Hebrews were originally from Ur near the Euphrates river. 
2. They were descendants of Abraham's followers.
3. Ten Commandments:

           1. Thou shalt not have no other god before me: the people could not worship any other gods.

2         2. Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, or any likeness of any thing that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth:The people should not worship any idols. Just the one God.

3         3.Thou shalt not take the name of Lord thy God in vain: The people could not use his name in vain

4         4. Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy: Six days are for work and then the final is for worshipping

5         5. Honour thy father and thy mother: honor and respect your parents and elders

6         6. Thou shalt not kill

7         7.Thou shalt not commit adultery

           8. Thou shalt not steal

9         9. Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy 

          10. Thou shalt not covet: Yearn to have something

4. Moses was the leader that lead the Hebrew people out of Egypt and away from slavery. He also created the Ten Commandments.
5. The name of the Hebrew god is Yahweh (yah' wā).
6. Social Justice meant that everyone had the right to be treated fairly.
7. The promise land was Canaan, where they became herders and farmers.
8. Saul was their first king. Next came King David who reunited the tribes and conquered the Canaanites. He also wrote many of the psalms that are found in the Bible. Then came David's son Solomon, who used peace and trading to bring peace to the people. He also created huge temples made of limestone, cedar wood, and gold.
9. The Hebrews were travelers until they settled in Canaan, their promise land. They were big in trading, exchanging gold, ivory, and copper for silver. In Canaan, they became farmers and herders. They believed in one god and worked six days a week. On the final day, they worshipped and celebrated.
10. The Phoenicians believed in many gods who were associated with nature while the Hebrews only worshipped one god. The Hebrews and Phoenicians both relied on trading, only the Hebrews walked across deserts to trade whereas the Phoenicians traveled by boats. The Phoenicians settled in one place while the Hebrews traveled a lot.

China and Hebrews

1) Dynasty= a ruling family
 Spirits=Super natural beings
 ancestors= those who one is descended from
 Oracle bones = a flat polished piece of bone used to get answers from the gods
 Nobles= people of high rank in a kingdom


2) Shang believed that they had to please the gods. they also thought that if the spirits weren't happy they would suffer with a pour harvest. Also they believed that the kings got their power from the spirits of nature and there wisdom from their ancestors.

3) It was the gap between the rich and poor which made there civilization weaker.

4) How can we pay Countries we are in debt to?
    How can we improve our government?
    How can we solve american obesity?

5)

1) A

2) J

3) B

4) H

5) C

6) J

7) C

1) Briefly state what is going on in this text.

The speaker is talking to gods about why he should be blessed in the afterlife, and how he has been pure throughout his life.

2) What is the purpose of the text (for the speaker)?

He is trying to convince the judgeing gods to allow him to be accepted into afterlife.

3) What makes this text entertaining or confusing? 

There are many "hailings" for the gods. This gives the poem a repetitive song like sound, it is actually a spell. The paragraphs in the beginning are long sentences which is strange because they obviously have full functionality of punctuation.

    What is going on in this story? Put it in your own words.

There was the ginormous guardian (Humbaba) who protects the trees  and is a slave to the gods. Two peasants (Gilgamesh and Enkidu) want some of the cedar trees to build their own houses.  Gilgamesh takes pity on the monster, but Enkidu says to kill him.

2.     Can you relate this story to any other you know or have read?

The Lorax by Dr. Seuss is very similar to the Epic of Gilgamesh. In both there is a guardian that protects trees whom is overrun by tree cutters.

3.     What do you think the epic says about Sumer.

It tells you that Sumer does not have a lot of trees because they are sacred. It also showed that they believed in monsters, and guardians.

4.     What strengths does Gilgamesh have as a hero?

He does not want to cause harm to the monster, and takes pity on it.

5.     What is your groups opinion of Enkidu?

Enkidu is enraged that he is almost killed by Humbaba, and wants to take revenge. His mentality is “an eye for an eye”.  Basically, he is a jerk.