Pg 287 1-7 history

1) What happened to Western Europe after the decline of the Roman empire?

The kingdom that Charlemagne built was soon destroyed and spilt in to between his sons.

2) How did Clovis help people within his empire feel united?

    He made his people learn knowledge and Christanity. And got all the nobles and farmers to gather and hang during holidays.

3) What was the relation between Clovis and the church?
    The Pope really liked Clovis's faith so mush that he was made empire by the pope
4)Why did mayor of palace become important?
   He was responsible for giving schools and teachings to others as well as keeping order.
5) What was Charlesmagnes main goals?
    To conquer all of western Europe and spread Christianity every where.
6)How did Frankish farmers become serfs?
    By caring more for nobles than them selves.
7)It was Split in two and soon collapsed for not being cared for.

1)   When did Pepin die?  Who were his sons?
    He died in 768 and his sons where Carloman and Charles. 

2)   Who was Charlemagne?  What did he do?  List the people he defeated in battle.  What does his name mean?
       Charlemagne was a French king of the Franks. He wanted to rule all of Western Europe and defeated the Lombards, and Saxons. Charlemagne= Charles the great.

3)   What was The Song of Roland about?
      It was written by a french poet retelling the battle of the defeated Roland fighting the powerful basques.

4)   Why was Charlemagne displeased that the Pope crowned him emperor?
      It made it seem That he was directly chosen by the Pope and not God.

5)   What was Charlemagne’s view of education?  What did he do to promote education in his empire?
      He appreciated learning and usually kept a slat or notebook next to his bed. He made church spread learning and make schools for his people. 

6)   Who was Alcuin?  What did children study in the school set up by Alcuin?
     Alcuin was a scholar who made a school that trained children of government officials to serve in a church or royal house hold.

7)   What were some things that artists created under Charlemagne’s rule? 
     the artists usually made churches and palaces around the court yard.

8)   Describe estate life.
     Lords were the most powerful and wealthy people in the kingdom. they made most of there income from sold goods.

9)   How did farmers gradually become serfs?
     They started caring more for the nobles and less for them selves which made them bound to there land.

10)  How did minstrels increase Charlemagne’s popularity?
       He allowed the minstrels to sing to the tired people who continually work until there lives are allowed a break on holiday.

11)  What did the Empire collapse after Charlemagne’s death?
        Charlemange's empire collapsed because when he died his son's were not strong enough rulers to keep it stable.

12)  What might have prevented the collapse of Charlemagne’s government?
        If his sons, Louis and Pious would've cared more about there empire than there estates then it possibly could've survive longer.

1)   Why were the Frankish kings after Clovis weak?
     Instead of uniting the land they decided to be weak and split it amongst there sons. The soon started fighting amongst them selves which weakened the kingdom even more.

2)   Who was Charles Martel?  What did he do?  Why was he known as “The Hammer”?
     He was a powerful general that fought and won the battle of tour and he wanted to unite all the Frankish nobles beneath him. He is called the hammer because of his strength.

3)   Why was the Battle of Tours a turning point in history?
     The Arabs and Berbers were killed by the Franks when they conquered Spain.

4)   What might western Europe have been like if the Arabs and Berbers had won the Battle of Tours?
     If they were to take over then Christianity wouldn't exist.

5)   Who was Pepin?  How did he help the Pope?
He was Charles Martel's Son. He protected the Pope from a group attack led by the germans

6)   Define anointed.
Anoint=nominate or choose
Clovis was first Frank king to become christian 

Eight important things about the Franks and there questions

1) They built villages that later turned into modern France and Germany

2) Their govern was better because they were able to live close to home land and chose a ruler.

3)They did more than just fight, they became farmers.

4)King Clovis was able to bring the split groups together under one rule

5)Clovis was first Germanic king to accept Catholic religion Shows that he's accepting new soilder and people in his kingdom.

6)Every ones in Clovis kingdom felt unified now that they spoke the same language

7)Was able to gain support from the pope. It allowed support against dealing with non-beleivers 

8)Made Latin the official language in court and managed to make a stable relation with Romans.

1)   Why were people no longer interested in learning during the early middle ages?
People were no longer interested in books, art, and learning. plus the art and books were getting destroyed.

2)   Why are the Franks important?
they were the first to combine Christens and and Romans together

3)   Who was Clovis?  How did Clovis become Christian? 
      He was a king that was chosen by a Frankish group. After winning a battle he and 3000 soldiers just immediately converted.

4)   What happened after Clovis became Christian?
He managed to gain support from the Romans and allowed some of them to join there kingdom.

5)   Why was it important that the Pope gave Clovis his support?
He was then able to spread religion every where and deal with the non believers.

6)   Why were the Franks more successful at governing than other Germanic         peoples?
Clovis's conversion gave him way more peace and support than others.

7)   What modern nations developed out of the civilization built by the Franks?
Germanic and France.

                                                                                                                                                     

Chieftain Speech

My Fellow Warriors
If you were to join me i would provide food shelter and a new land that we could shape and call home.
We will make homes for our families and protect them. I give you the chance to fight for something much larger than just your lives, I give you the opportunity to fight for a new kingdom under us. I give you leader ship amongst your friends and weapons to defend your families. You can make your sons become men and allow them to fight for glory and honor. Lastly I allow you the chance for adventure to expand our village and explore the land.

Loki

Loki=is the wily trickster god of Norse mythology.

http://norse-mythology.org/gods-and-creatures/the-aesir-gods-and-goddesses/loki/

Is handsome and fair of face, but has an evil disposition and is very changeable of mood. He excelled all men in the art of cunning, and he always cheats. He was continually involving the Aesir in great difficulties and he often helped them out again by guile.

http://thenorsegods.com/loki/

He has the ability to change into any shape, an ability he uses a lot. He was accepted into the ranks of the gods by becoming Odin’s blood brother. In his earlier days in Asgard he followed Odin and Haeni, sometimes also Thor.

He often got the gods into serious trouble because of his shortsightedness. However, he was remarkably successful at making things right, after the gods had threatened him. Loki’s wife is called Sygin and is the sweetest and most loyal of all women. Their son’s are called Vali and Nari. But Loki had more off springs. But his most famous offsprings, which he had with a troll woman, are the wolf Fenrir, the serpent of Midgard and the goddess of death, Hel. He’s still important today because Tricksters give bravery that others wouldn’t generally do it makes life not boring because we would all have boring lives. 

http://www.vikings-history.com/norse-god-loki/

1) Who were the Goths?
Germanic people who lived in the Balken Penisula of Europe.
2) Discuss the Battle of Adrianople?  Why was it important?  When did it happen?
It was when the Goths rebelled against the Romans and won in 378. It would allow them to capture and loot Rome. The attack was led by Alaric and he managed to capture or drive out the Romans.
3) Where did the Goths end up?
They settled in Spain.
4) Who were the Vandals?
A germanic group that lived in Spain.
5) What English world did the Vandals inspire?  Why?
The vandals caused destruction and mayhem to other people property that it created the word vandalism.
6) Who was Odoacer?
A german general that ruled western Europe for 15 years
7) Who was Theodoric?
The east goths leader.
8) What happened to the Roman Empire in the West by 550 C.E.? 
The Roman empire in the west was faded and was split up and replaced by six minor German empires.

The Germans
1) Describe the village life of the early Germans.
They kept much of their old culture. they lived in villages surrounded by farmland and pasture. most of the homes were long thatched rooof huts with an opened space around them. family slept on one side of house with farm life on the other. wealthy villages were able to add carpet and wall hangings.
2) What did the Germans grow?
grew barley, wheat, rye, beans, and peas.
3) What were the Germans view of hospitality?
They liked feasting, drinking,dancing, gambling, boxing, wrestling and in winter ice skating.
4) How were the German tribes organized?
They were divided into clans or groups based on family ties.
5) Who was Theodoric the Great?
Theodric was king of the east Goths, a germanic people from eastern Europe.
6) Who was Woden?  Thor?
Wodan was a the god of war, poetry, learning, and magic. Thor was son of Wodan and god of thunder.
7) What was Valhalla?
It was an after life were the fallen warriors would feast and fight forever. 
8) Discuss blood fueds, oath-helpers and wergeld.
blood feuds= quarrels in which the families of the original fighters seek revenge.
Oath-helpers= People who swore that the accused were telling the truth.
Ordeal=A severe trial that decided the guilt or innocent people.
9) How did the Germans' love of battle and laws influence their society?
It did manage to keep the peace despite how cruel and unfair their laws were.

The Eutruscans
1) The Etruscans - why were they important?  What did they give to the Romans?  Who were important Etruscans?
They wrote an alphabet they borrowed from the Greeks. They gave metals and finished goods. Lucius Tarquinus was an important Eutruscan

2) The Roman Republic - what is important about the Roman Republic?  Who were important figures in the Republic and what did they do?  What were the Punic Wars all about?  Who was Hannibal?  How did the Republic end? 
They set up the first republic. Hannibal destroyed the Roman Republic. Tiberios Semproeus Grachus- first reformer. General galious was a millitary hero. The war was about recourses between Rome and Persia. The end of the republic came when the Romans turned on each other and destoryed there villages.

3) What is important about Julius Caesar?  Why should we remember him?

he was well educated politician who had become a soilder. Also he had both military strength and strong family alliences to back him up. He made the Roman empire bigger and bigger and helped it grow. he also made it stronger so that more people would live.

4) What is important about Augustus Caesar?  Why should we remember him?
He was clever and held the offices of consul,tribune, high priest and senator all at he same time.
for bringing peace and old traditions to rome and the citezens.
5) What was the Pax Romana?  How did it come to an end? 
A roman law that caused major change to the Romans and their way of life. it affected family life, merchants, and how to take over a village or town. after 200 years it  made the law come to an end because there were no empire.
6) How did the Roman Empire come to an end?
it started with a few politicle problems but soon it spread into there being no written rules.Also the German attacks continued increasing and soon Rome was taken over. the only reason they did win was because the Germans borrowed an invention from the Huns.