Section 2 chp 39

1) What was the Apartheid? 
It was a law that separated races.
2) What type of economic system did China move towards in the 1990s?
They made changes to where people could own there own business and set up politics to change instead of economics.
3) Explain how nations responded to issues of war and peace after the Cold War ended.
It erupted into violence and confusion, while the un couldn't do anything about it. Until they thought the idea of have\ing there be weapon checks on Iraq.
4) What were the Balkan Wars? 
It was when Serbia tried to rule all of Yugoslavia. It became hard because soon all gornments in it wanted power which increased violence, at least until the UN helped.

chp 39 section 1

2)The Berlin wall was brought down, and by the president staying out of the way for russians, Peace was promoted.
3) They did it to make the soviet union stronger and keep there jobs. They also were really mad at the thought of there broken up soviet empire.
4) they probably will still have many people who are still hard line democrats that want to go back to old ways so no we have not seen the last of them.

 2-3 sentences describing life in Russia after the break-up of the Soviet Union.

  

1) Why did the U.S. drop Atomic weapons on Japan? We spent all the money on making them and we couldn't save them after the war ended. It also saved us some soldiers from battle.  How might these events be considered the beginning of the Cold War? The atomic bomb brought in new means of power that could give control to ether the Americans or Russians.

2) What was the Marshall Plan?  What did it do? It was a plan named after George Marshall and it involved helping Europe by rebuilding factories, opening up coal mines, and replacing or adding new roads.

3) Why did the Cold War develop? It started when the Soviet Union wanted to spread its communist power beyond there boarders.

4) Know the following people: Fidel Castro= He was a leader in Cuba, At first he promised free elections and social reforms. How ever these promises were not kept and he instead, jailed or killed cubans and made his gov communists.

Ho Chi Ming= He was the leader of north Vietnam, which was a communist country.

 Mao Zedong= Is the leader of the people republic of china, he wanted to make china a strong modern country. He made the purge which invovled getting rid of scholars.

Joseph Stalin= He was the leader of the Soviet union, he controlled the only political party in the union and he wanted the soviets to industrialize as quickly as possible. 

 Douglas MacArthur= An american general who commanded the south west pacific in world war 2.

 Chiang Kai-shek= He became the leader of the nationalist party where he later tried to wipe out the communists.

 Neil Armstrong= American austronaut who was first person to walk on moon.

 Mikhail Gorbachev= Leader of Russia soviet union, he gave the plan of people being able to say and write whatever they thought with out fear of punishment. He also pushed the country towards communism.

 Mohandas Gandhi= Indian leader who made a protest against British rule. he went to villages talking about self government. He was a lawyer. He didn't believe in violence but disobedient resilience.

5) Discuss the Berlin Wall.  What was it?  Why was it put up? It was a wall that was used as a threat to surround West Berlin and make it lose its power. This was send hope that all its lacked resources would drive them away.

6) What was the Korean War?  Why did it happen?  Who was involved?  When did it start and end? A battle where the communist north Korea tried to capture all of South korea. The North got aid from The Chinese while south had the Allies to back them up. It went from 1950 and stopped in 1953.

7) What was the Vietnam War?  Why did it happen? Who was involved?  When did it start and end?

8) What was the Space Race?
It was a race to see if the Soviets or the United states could send a satellite to explore space first.

9) What was Mao's main goal for China?
It was to make China a strong modern country. 

10) Who were some of the victims of Mao's purges?
He got rid of the intellectuals, and undesirable communists. 

11) What was the policy of glasnost?  How might this have changed Russia (USSR)?
the soviet union could say and write what they thought with out fear of punishment. free elections were held in which non-communist electives were held free of office.

12) What were most developing nations like right after independence?
They werent doing good because, they were trying to make enough food build plenty of houses and get a good economy because they were uneducated.

13) How did Gandhi use civil disobedience to win independence from Britain?
They ignored the laws that Britain enforced until it finally allowed there ways.

14) Why is 1960 called the "Year of Africa"?
It was when 17 African countries became independent.

15) How did the United States propose to rebuild Western Europe following WWII?
They started a loan program in 1948.

16) Why did the Soviet Union blockade Berlin in 1948?
It was supposed to force the western powers to leave the city.

17) Why did Mao Zedong order the Cultural Revolution?
It was to purge china and make it a strong modern country

18) What changes did Castro make once he came to power in Cuba?
At first he promised free elections and social and economic reforms in Cuba. then he jailed and executed those who opposed him. Also he made the government communist.

19) What were the demonstrators at Tiananmen Square demanding?
they wanted same control over politics like economy.

20) What problems do most African nations face today?
They suffer from food shortages, children not having good education, and bad farming methods.

pg 643

1) they made the marshal plan which allows factories and mines to be built and roads to be made off of loans.
2)they did it so people couldn't escape to the other side of Germany
3) He made Cuba a communist government, and managed to overthrow the balista.
4)he did it so there would be no undesirable members of communists parties.
5) they wanted democracy.
6) they suffer from food shortages, children not having education, and bad farming methods.

pg 629

2) It was so that other member nations could buy there goods with out paying tariffs.
3) They did it in hope that it would make western powers would leave there territory.
4)They first liked him because he promised free elections and social and economic reforms. They soon stopped after he tried to make his government communist.
5) I feel like the war was important but couldve been avoided by trying a peace treaty. I would be willing to live there.

1. 1) How did World War I begin?  (answers need more than just the spark of the world - but should go into theory of why the war happened). They were many reasons or causes that couldve started the war. some of them being how France was jealous of Germany's industrialization, Russia Involving itself with islamic problems and And Great Britain didn't trust germany. 
2.  What was trench warfare?  Why did trench warfare start? Trench warfare was when soldiers dug trenches in the ground, protected them with barbed wire, and stayed inside, firing at the enemy’s trench. It started from fighting between Germany and France.
3.  How many people were killed in World War I? Close to 30 million-13 million soldiers and 17 million civilians
4. Who was Woodrow Wilson?  What did he want to do at the end of World War I? Woodrow Wilson was the president of the United States, and he had drawn up a peace plan called the Fourteen Points. He wanted to reduce armaments, a world association of nations to keep peace, and he believed that national groups in Europe should be able to form their own countries.
5. What was the outcome of the Treaty of Versailles?  Outline the effects of the treaty on German and Russia?  It put most of the blame and financial repayment on Germany for starting the war. It also made them lose land in Europe and overseas. As for Russia they lost even more land and gave it back to Finland, Poland, Lativa.
6. Who was Vladmir Lenin?  Joseph Stalin?  Benito Mussolini?  Adolf Hitler? Vladmir was leader of a revolutionary group called Bolsheviks. He supported the Soviets and promised to get Russia out of the war. He got them out by signing a peace treaty with Germany, but this gave them Problems at home. When he died after his group was under control by Communists he died and was place in a red tomb. Stalin took control of the government and the communist party. When he was in power he made a five year plan that involved building a heavy industry. His plan was a success and by the year 1939 he managed to make the Soviet union a major industry. Benito Mussolini was a leader of a italian facist dictator. He led a military conquest to take over Ethiopia in 1936. he helped the Germans in ww2.Adolf Hitler was Leader of a group called the Nazies. They saw themselves as leaders and Jewish people was not in that dream. He at first wanted to become an artist but soon became the leader of Germany.
7. Outline how the steps the Nazis took, starting in 1933, to deal with the "Jewish problem"? They first gave the jews curfew. then they were not allowed to work and any profitable object had to be sold. Then they made them wear the star of David. Finally the jews were sent to concentration camps were they were soon killed.
8. Why did France and Great Britain declare war on Germany in World War II? The Germans broke the treaty they made with France and Britain but soon broke it and attacked Polen. Soon both teams realized they made a mistake not resisting Hitlers attacks or aggression.
9. When did World War II begin? September 1, 1939
10. What was blitzkrieg?  How did it work? It was a new way of fighting developed by Germany; it was called blitzkrieg or “lighting war.” German airplanes would first bomb enemy cities, roads and airfields. Then the soldiers and civilians alike would be machine-gunned from the air. Finally armored tanks would roll through the countryside, wiping out all defenses.
11. When and why did the United States enter World War II?
    After the bombing on Pearl Harbor and the American naval base in the Hawaiian Islands on December 7, 1941. Then after that they immediately entered the war on the side of the Allied Powers.  
12. What was the Battle of Britain? It was a ten month battle where the Germans tried to invade Britain by air, but kept on getting shot down and forced to retreat. Soon Hitler gave up on them.
13. Why is the Battle of Stalingrad important? It was a turning point for the russians because they were finally managing to kick the Germans out of Russia.
14. What was D-Day?  When did it happen?  Who was in charge?  How many people were engaged? It was a battle that was led by general Dweight D. Eisenhower and it was when the Allied forces invaded Normandy or France. It happened June 6th, and there was over 2 million soilders were engaged.
15. V-E Day happened when? May 8, 1945  
16. What is important about the following dates: August 6, August 9, August 15 and September 2 1945. A small atom bomb was dropped on Hiroshima. a bigger Atomic bomb was dropped on Nagasaki. On August 14 the Japanese surrendered. The peace treaty with Japan was signed on the S.S misouri and the war was over. 
17. What was the Holocaust?  How many Jews were murdered during it? Destruction slaughter led by the Nazies who killed jews by burning them or gas chambers, Hitler killed many Jews, Over 6 million Jews died.
18. Why did Germany attack the Soviet Union in 1941?  Because Germany wanted the resources of the Soviet Union
19. Why did the United States decide to drop bombs on Hiroshima and Nagaski? Because they knew that they couldn't take Japan by invading so they bombed them hoping for surrender. 
20. How did Nationalism contribute to World War I? It fueled the growth of rival alliances. then everyone wanted to be the most powerful country, and that led to power struggles. 
21. What happened to the world economy in 1929? Factories had to close down, banks fell and failed and there was a lot of depression.
22. What did the British and French give in to Hitler's demands at first? They were scared that there would be another war and gave in. 
23. What major events led to the defeat of Germany in World War II? The allied forces defeating China and teaming up with England. also the D-Day victory.
24. What was the United Nations formed? To prevent any more wars or to help out any poor country.

Pg 595 1-8 Imperialism 2

1) What were the main reasons for the rise of imperialism? It was because of the industrial revolution and people needing more materials and food.
2) How did some europeans get colonial territory from African chefs? They had african chiefs sign many treaties in Congo Basin.
3) What caused settlers to move into Transvaal after 1885? They didn't want to deal with enslavement from the british so they moved away from them to the grass lands where they set up there own independent states.
4) How did british gain control over india? When france lost the 7 years war the british moved in and soon started controlling India.
5) What was the purpose of the open door policy? It gave every one equal trading rights in China.
6) Why did comodore perry go to Japan in 1853? It was so he could set up negotiations on protecting trading american ships.
7) Why were the united states interested in latin American states in the early 1900? They needed to protect and increase there growing power there. One of the things they did was build the Panama canal.
8) How did Imperialism increase nationalism in the colonies? It helped them change there feelings and opinions on religion, customs, and languages.

With Imperialism came happiness, but at the same time some major problems. When it ended some benefits that came were the stop of many local wars, and Industry, agriculture, and transportations were developed. hospitals and schools were built and sanitation was improved. How ever the bad news that happened was there were bitter feelings between the colonists and colonizers. lastly colonists were seldom in holding high jobs in government, industry, or armed forces.

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Imperialism rose for a few reasons. They needed raw materials that there factories couldn't get in there land. The need for materials and certain food products was growing, so they needed more space and a place where this stuff was. Another reason was people thought the more colonies you had the more nationalism you got. Also Western people wanted to make the countries that were, (Backwards) more civilized. Lastly Factories needed more space for their work and production.

1) It was because it would destroy the balance of power.
2) It was to keep riots and more revolutions from starting again
3) By defeating Austria so it could unite with Sardinia
4) It was unified by France when a peace treaty was given to them in order to stop the north german confederation.
5) It ended with prussia along with russia winning.
6) Austria didnt want to be a seperate state, instead they liked how they were merged with Hungary.